Table 9 Comparison of results of ARACO and other metaheuristics in tests with the CEC 2019 100-Digit Challenge benckmark functions
From: An accelerated and robust algorithm for ant colony optimization in continuous functions
Function | ARACO | FDO | DA | WOA | SSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storn’s Chebyshev Polynomial Fitting Problem \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−8192, 8192]n, n = 9 | 5.60E9 | 4585.27 | 5.43E10 | 4.11E10 | 6.05E9 |
Inverse Hilbert Matrix Problem \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−16384, 16384]n, n = 16 | 1.9243 | 4 | 78.0368 | 17.3495 | 18.3434 |
Lennard-Jones Minimum Energy Cluster \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−4, 4]n, n = 18 | 12.6736 | 13.7024 | 13.7026 | 13.7024 | 13.7025 |
Rastrigin’s Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 5.6495 | 34.0837 | 344.3561 | 394.6754 | 41.6936 |
Griewangk’s Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 1.0635 | 2.1392 | 2.5572 | 2.7342 | 2.2084 |
Weierstrass Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 10.5288 | 12.1332 | 9.8955 | 10.7085 | 6.0798 |
Modified Schwefel’s Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 1.0005 | 120.4858 | 578.9531 | 490.6843 | 410.3964 |
Expanded Schaffer’s F6 Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 1.8266 | 6.1021 | 6.8734 | 6.909 | 6.37 |
Happy Cat Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 3.0513 | 2 | 6.0467 | 5.9371 | 3.6723 |
Ackley Function \( \overrightarrow{x} \):[−100, 100]n, n = 10 | 12.9822 | 2.7182 | 21.2604 | 21.2761 | 21.04 |