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Table 1 Rules for stress assignment of the vowels (V)

From: Generating a pronunciation dictionary for European Portuguese using a joint-sequence model with embedded stress assignment

 

Rules

Example

1.

If the word has a \(V\) with a graphic stress mark, Then\(V \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

aux”ílio, an”álise, avaliaç”ão, ”às, s”ót”ão

2.

If the word has not a graphic stress mark and ends in \(<\)a\(>\), \(<\)e\(>\) or \(<\)o\(>\) followed (or not) by \(<\)m\(\vert \)n\(\vert \)s\(>\), Then prior \(V\) to \(<\)a\(>\), \(<\)e\(>\) or \(<\)o\(> \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

c”arta, d”ançam, cont”ente(s), h”omem, h”omens, est”udo(s)

3.

If the word has not a graphic stress mark and ends in \(C<\)l\(>\), \(<\)r\(>\), \(<\)x\(>\) or\(<\)z\(>\), Then the last \(V \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

defens”or, cant”ar, emit”ir, dev”er, can”al, pap”el, fun”il, telef”ax, dupl”ex, cab”az, fel”iz, arr”oz

4.

If the word has not a graphic stress mark and ends in \(V<\)i\(>\) or\(<\)u\(>\), followed (or not) by \(<\)m\(\vert \)n\(\vert \)s\(>\), Then\(<\)i\(>\) or\(<\)u\(> \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

delf”im, bot”ins, par”is, alg”um, com”uns, jes”us

5.

If in 2, 3 and 4, the \(V<\)i\(>\) or\(<\)u\(>\)arepreceded by other \(V\), Then\(V \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

p”ai(s), r”ei(s), m”au(s), l”eu, decid”iu, c”aixa(s), ad”eus, p”eixe(s), p”auta(s), l”ouça(s), natur”ais

6.

If in 5 \(V<\)i\(>\) or\(<\)u\(>\)are followed by \(<\)ch\(>\), \(<\)nh\(>\), \(<\)m + \(C\vert \)#\(>\) or\(<\)n + \(C>\), Then\(<\)i\(>\) or\(<\)u\(> \rightarrow V_\mathrm{stressed}\)

sandu”iche, vento”inha, amendo”im, co”imbra